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Previous research by the writers suggests that industry practitioners and researchers have found it difficult to align the construction coordination function with the "classic" quality improvement models of total quality, possibly...
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Previous research by the writers suggests that industry practitioners and researchers have found it difficult to align the construction coordination function with the "classic" quality improvement models of total quality, possibly because of its process characteristics of being informally carried out, low tangibility, high customer participation in the processes, low degree of repetition, customers not soliciting the service and the problem solving content involved. This paper presents an experiment, continuation of that research, conducted to test the possibility of the application of the critical incident technique (CIT) to overcome such difficulties and measure the quality of coordination. The research methodology consisted of interview and questionnaire surveys to assemble a collection of critical (highly satisfying and highly dissatisfying) incidents experienced by a variety of customers and other parties concerned (other stakeholders) in the coordination processes. Analysis of the 23 incidents demonstrated that the CIT could enable identification of customers' implicit, explicit and latent expectations, evaluation of the quality of coordination processes and output and comprehension of that information that would be useful for quality improvement. This paper concludes that the CIT is a practical method for measuring the quality of construction coordination processes. There are no records to date of the application of the CIT in the construction industry. It is envisaged that in-depth knowledge gathered through its consistent application could be used to develop a management maturity grid that would, in incremental steps, provide guidance to future project managers on how to improve the coordination function.
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Cloud manufacturing (CMfg) can make mass manufacturing resources more widely accessible to clients in the form of manufacturing services with their available time slots and the associated prices. In decentralized cases, clients ca...
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Cloud manufacturing (CMfg) can make mass manufacturing resources more widely accessible to clients in the form of manufacturing services with their available time slots and the associated prices. In decentralized cases, clients can select optimal services to fulfill their individual demand. This paper proposes that clients can coordinate with each other for the exchange and reutilization of their booked resources. Via client coordination cost savings are derived from the post-optimization of the initial uncoordinated solution of all clients at the planning horizon. The optimization problem, which is a service booking and scheduling problem, has been proved to be strong NP-hard. Besides, we consider manufacturing synchronization (MfgSync) when scheduling a client's job on multiple resources, which includes simultaneity of completing the sub-tasks of a client's manufacturing job and punctuality of fulfilling the job. Optimal solution algorithms based on dynamic programming are proposed for two common cases. Considering the selfishness of each client, the success of the coordination depends on whether every participant can be better off than to act independently. We develop a cooperative game for client coordination and propose a core cost savings allocation scheme with which every client can get benefits through coordination. Based on the allocation scheme, clients tend to form a grand coalition. The computational results show that our approach can make substantial cost savings for clients. (C) 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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La SNCF vise, dans le cadre de sa nouvelle politique commerciale, la qualite totale au niveau de la production en travaillant plus et mieux sur differents axes: - la ponctualite des trains a l'arrivee; - la mise a disposition d'in...
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La SNCF vise, dans le cadre de sa nouvelle politique commerciale, la qualite totale au niveau de la production en travaillant plus et mieux sur differents axes: - la ponctualite des trains a l'arrivee; - la mise a disposition d'installations permettant d'acceder plus facilement aux gares; - la proprete des trains et des gares; - l'amelioration de la surete; - l'amelioration, en cas de probleme, de l'information delivree au voyageur. Dans le cas d'une perturbation importante du trafic due a des contraintes au niveau des ressources, l'offre en trains sera adaptee en temps reel; de meme qu'en cas d'interruption complete, des services de remplacement (bus et/ou metro) seront prevus. Le projet ECLER, mis au point par la direction de la Recherche et de la Technologie des chemins de fer francais, se propose de fournir un logiciel capable de contribuer a la realisation de tous ces objectifs.
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We use an economic learning model to examine how knowledge parameters characterizing a sourcing relationship between a vendor and a client interact with production costs and coordination costs to affect the business value of alter...
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We use an economic learning model to examine how knowledge parameters characterizing a sourcing relationship between a vendor and a client interact with production costs and coordination costs to affect the business value of alternative outsourcing strategies. This information is then used to determine a firm's optimal rate of information technology (IT) outsourcing. We find that the optimal outsourcing rate is dependent on the ability of the outsourcing client to acquire production knowledge from its outsourcing vendor and to retain its internal coordination knowledge despite losses of fundamental production skills due to outsourcing. Specifically, when the client is unable to acquire sufficient production knowledge from the external vendor, the client's optimal outsourcing decision is to engage in either one of two extreme strategies-total insourcing or total outsourcing-depending on the rate at which the client's coordination knowledge depreciates. On the other hand, when the client is able to acquire a substantial amount of production knowledge from the external vendor, the firm's optimal decision is to outsource only a portion of its IT services, where the proportion depends on the rate at which the client's coordination knowledge depreciates.
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Purpose: To explore the relationship between client-centredness (CC) and work in teams in inpatient rehabilitation. Methods: Case study, mixed-method design, with strong qualitative component. Methods include ethnographic observat...
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Purpose: To explore the relationship between client-centredness (CC) and work in teams in inpatient rehabilitation. Methods: Case study, mixed-method design, with strong qualitative component. Methods include ethnographic observations of team and clinical encounters for 6 months; healthcare professional (HCP) interviews. HCP n = 45; Observations = 40 encounters & meetings. Results: Based on HCP perceptions, intra-team and organizational factors were identified that influence client-centred practice in rehabilitation. Team factors included relational and communication dimensions affecting work that can hinder or facilitate CC. These dimensions are presented in detail. HCP perceived organizational factors such as workload, schedules and hospital culture to influence their work on teams and with clients. Conclusion: CC is not a "one size fits all''. It is affected by similar factors that affect work in teams such as organizational policies, team characteristics and culture. CC can be seen as an outcome of team performance.
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A major limitation in the basic client/server model is its focus on clients requesting individual services. Clients often need to invoke multiple services, coordinated to reflect how those services interrelate and contribute to th...
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A major limitation in the basic client/server model is its focus on clients requesting individual services. Clients often need to invoke multiple services, coordinated to reflect how those services interrelate and contribute to the overall application. Important examples include task allocation and event notification in collaborative workgroup systems, and task sequencing and routing in workflow applications. Failure to address control requirements for such interactions has impeded development of uniform methods and tools for building many types of distributed systems with client/server architectures. The article identifies and examines extensions to the basic client/server model that provide explicit support for coordinating multiserver interactions.
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We propose a novel system for tracking pedestrians in a wide and open area, such as a shopping mall and exhibition hall, using a number of single-row laser-range scanners (LD-A), which have a profiling rate of 10 Hz and a scanning...
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We propose a novel system for tracking pedestrians in a wide and open area, such as a shopping mall and exhibition hall, using a number of single-row laser-range scanners (LD-A), which have a profiling rate of 10 Hz and a scanning angle of 270/spl deg/. LD-As are set directly on the floor doing horizontal scanning at an elevation of about 20 cm above the ground, so that horizontal cross sections of the surroundings, containing moving feet of pedestrians as well as still objects, are obtained in a rectangular coordinate system of real dimension. The data of moving feet are extracted through background subtraction by the client computers that control each LD-A, and sent to a server computer, where they are spatially and temporally integrated into a global coordinate system. A simplified pedestrian's walking model based on the typical appearance of moving feet is defined and a tracking method utilizing Kalman filter is developed to track pedestrian's trajectories. The system is evaluated through both real experiment and computer simulation. A real experiment is conducted in an exhibition hall, where three LD-As are used covering an area of about 60/spl times/60 m/sup 2/. Changes in visitors' flow during the whole exhibition day are analyzed, where in the peak hour, about 100 trajectories are extracted simultaneously. On the other hand, a computer simulation is conducted to quantitatively examine system performance with respect to different crowd density.
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This paper proposes a protocol for effective coordinated buffer cache management in a multilevel cache hierarchy typical of a client/server system. Currently, such cache hierarchies are managed suboptimally-decisions about block p...
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This paper proposes a protocol for effective coordinated buffer cache management in a multilevel cache hierarchy typical of a client/server system. Currently, such cache hierarchies are managed suboptimally-decisions about block placement and replacement are made locally at each level of the hierarchy without coordination between levels. Though straightforward, this approach has several weaknesses: 1) Blocks may be redundantly cached, reducing the effective total cache size, 2) weakened locality at lower-level caches makes recency-based replacement algorithms such as LRU less effective, and 3) high-level caches cannot effectively identify blocks with strong locality and may place them in low-level caches, The fundamental reason for these weaknesses is that the locality information embedded in the streams of access requests from clients is not consistently analyzed and exploited, resulting in globally nonsystematic, and therefore suboptimal, placement and replacement of cached blocks across the hierarchy. To address this problem, we propose a coordinated multilevel cache management protocol based on consistent access-locality quantification. In this protocol, locality is dynamically quantified at the client level to direct servers to place or replace blocks appropriately at each level of the cache hierarchy. The result is that the block layout in the entirely hierarchy dynamically matches the locality of block accesses. Our simulation experiments on both synthetic and real-life traces show that the protocol effectively ameliorates these caching problems. As anecdotal evidence, our protocol achieves a reduction of block accesses of 11 percent to 71 percent, with an average of 35 percent, over uniLRU, a unified multilevel cache scheme
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